Northern Red Oak

Description:

• Size: Large deciduous tree, typically reaching 60-75 feet tall with a spread of 40-50 feet.  
• Leaves: Alternate, simple, 5-9 inches long with 7-11 bristle-tipped lobes. The lobes are uneven in size and length, with those along the upper half being shorter and broader. The upper surface is smooth and yellow-green, while the lower surface is smooth with occasional tufts at the vein intersections.  
• Bark: Greenish-brown to gray when young, becoming brown to black with age. Shallow grooves and wide, flat-topped ridges create a distinctive pattern.  
• Flowers: Inconspicuous catkins that appear in spring.  
• Fruits: Acorns, reddish-brown and shiny, maturing in the fall of the second year.  

Planting:

• Sunlight: Full sun is essential for optimal growth. 
• Soil: Prefers well-drained, acidic soil but can tolerate a range of soil types.
• Spacing: Plant trees at least 50 feet apart to accommodate their mature size.

Growing:

• Growth Rate: Moderate growth rate, adding 1-2 feet per year.
• Water: Water regularly during the first growing season to establish a strong root system. Once established, they are drought-tolerant.  
• Fertilization: Generally not required, but can benefit from a slow-release fertilizer in early spring.
• Pruning: Prune young trees to develop a strong central leader and remove any crossing or weak branches.

Uses:

• Ornamental Tree: Popular as a shade tree in parks, yards, and along streets.  
• Timber: The wood is hard, strong, and durable, making it valuable for furniture, flooring, and construction.  
• Wildlife Habitat: Provides food and shelter for various wildlife species, including squirrels, deer, and birds.  

Cautions:

• Size: The large size of mature trees makes them unsuitable for small spaces.
• Roots: The aggressive root system can damage sidewalks, driveways, and underground pipes.
• Acorns: The abundance of acorns can be messy and attract pests.
• Leaf Litter: The leaves can create a thick layer of litter in the fall.
• Disease and Pests: Susceptible to various diseases and pests, including oak wilt, powdery mildew, and gypsy moths.

By carefully considering these factors, you can successfully plant and care for a Northern Red Oak tree and enjoy its beauty and benefits for years to come.